Spatio-temporal changes refer to variations that occur in both space and time. This research area focuses on understanding how phenomena evolve and change over both geographical space and time. It often involves the analysis of data collected at multiple points in space and time to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. Researchers in this area may use techniques such as remote sensing, GIS (Geographical Information Systems), and spatial analysis to study how environmental, social, or economic factors change over time and space. This research can be applied to a wide range of disciplines, including climate science, urban planning, ecology, and epidemiology, among others. Overall, the study of spatio-temporal changes provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of our world and helps inform decision-making processes in various fields.